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IJIRST Journal: Volume 3, Issue 3

International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology (IJIRST) is a one of the popular international multidisciplinary, open access, peer-reviewed, fully refereed journal. It is an international journal that aims to contribute to the constant innovative research and training, so as to promote research in the field of science and technology.

Goal:

IJIRST is a monthly international journal publishing the finest peer-reviewed research and review articles in all fields of Science and technology. IJIRSTfollows stringent guidelines to select the manuscripts on the basis of its originality, importance, timeliness, accessibility, grace and astonishing conclusions. IJIRST is also popular for rapid publication of accepted manuscripts. 

                      IJIRST also aims to reach a large number of audiences worldwide with original and current research work completed on the vital issues of the above important disciplines.

International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology (IJIRST)

Volume 3, Issue 3

Submit your Article: www.ijirst.org/index.php?p=SubmitArticle

International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology (IJIRST)

Innovations in Micro-electronics, Signal Processing and Communication Technologies "National Conference(V-IMPACT-2016)" at VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,Jaipur,Rajasthan,India

"National Conference(V-IMPACT-2016)"  

on

Innovations in Micro-electronics, Signal Processing and Communication Technologies

In association with

IJIRST – International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology

VIT Campus is organizing a conference on 'Innovations in Micro-Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication Technologies'. This conference is fifth in succession to conferences held in years 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. The aim of the conference is to review the recent advancement in understanding the science and technology, facilitate exchange of new ideas and explore emerging directions both in basic sciences and technological applications of Electronics, Signal Processing Communication. Recently, scientific activities are on surge on the MEMS, VLSI, DSP and Communication. So the increase in the research activities and the consequent enthusiasm is on rise day by day. 

The new fields such as CAD, VLSI and MATLAB are at the horizon highlighting many important issues involved in the preparation and applications of these useful Systems & Fields. These topics which constitute the frontiers of devices and technology are expected to lead to the development of new systems and new technologies. 

The Conference is intended to bring theorists, experimentalists and experts on a common platform and foster inter disciplinary research. The thrust of the conference will be to facilitate emergence of collaborations between the participants. The informal atmosphere that will prevail is expected to facilitate interactions between young researchers and experts which will be particularly useful for graduate/ research students. We invite you all to participate, deliver talks, present your work and make this event a great success.

VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Sisyawas, NRI Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur-303012

Website : www.vitej.ac.in

Publication Partner:

International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology 

Website:- www.ijirst.org

#IJIRST Journal: Dynamic Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on the Data Traffic Flow and the Node Residual Battery Life Computation

Paper Title:- Dynamic Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks Basedon the Data Traffic Flow and the Node Residual Battery Life Computation

Author Name:- Sachin Sharma, Professor (Dr.) K C Roy, Professor (Dr.) Dinesh Goyal

Department of Computer Science and Engineering 

Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura

Abstract:- Wireless Sensor Networks forms the core of the infrastructural facilities and amenities that constitutes a major part of modern living. Wireless Sensor Networks founds tremendous applications in domains such as theft alarms, wildlife monitoring, radiation/pressure/light/heat sensor networks and the list is endless. It constitutes the core part of the modern Internet of Things (IoT) that will revolutionize the modern living. The Iot specifies a scenario in which the devices can communicate with each other using the internet over a flexible framework and can be programmed to perform specific actions based on the programming customization made by the users. For example, a refrigerator is runs out of milk or bread can email the requirement to the dairy that can entertain the mail and ship a delivery of the same to the location of the refrigerator. As sensor nodes are battery powered, there is a critical aspect to same battery power. This is possible only by avoiding the in-network communication as much as possible. A fraction of communication overhead can be reduced through clustering. In this paper, an approach for dynamic clustering is proposed based on the varying traffic loads to various PAN coordinators so as to maximize the battery life and therefore the network lifetime.

Keywords:- Wireless sensor network, Clustering Protocols, Battery Life etc.

I.    Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks

Clustering forms, the backbone towards the persistence of sensor nodes towards sensing data in such a way that a single lithium ion battery can work even for one and a half year continuously. This is because of the reduction in in-network communication to the central node through the creation of clusters in such a way that all the node in the cluster transmit the data to the cluster head and the cluster head is responsible to transmit the data to the central node. The senario is expressed in the following figures.

Fig. 1: Wireless Sensor Network without clustering

Fig. 2: Wireless Sensor Network with clustering and Data Aggregation

       The individual collections shown in figure 1.2 are known as clusters and the nodes that belongs to a particular cluster sends the data only to the cluster head. Thus, reducing the data transmission over long distance from the individual nodes to the central computer. In the clustered approach, the nodes transmit the data to the cluster head over a relatively very short distance, thus, conserving the battery life and enhancing the network lifetime.

II.    Dynamic Clustering over the WirelessSensor Network

Consider a network of N nodes and a static number set initially k as the total number of cluster over the network. Thus, on an average, there are N/k in each cluster. Also, consider a rectangular plane of dimension aXa over which the sensor nodes are (approximately evenly) speeded.

      As state previously, there are k clusters each having (N/k)-1 nodes as ordinary sensing nodes and a Cluster head that hold the responsibility of aggregating data from each of the (N/k)-1 nodes. Also assume that each packet senses the medium and sends the data packet to the cluster head in specified TDMA frame.

      Considering the first order radio energy dissipation model, let the energy consumption per bit in the transmission circuitry be E_t and the energy consumption per bit in the processing circuitry be E_p. Let there be B bits in a TDMA packet. Considering the initial energy level in the battery be E, one can approximate the residual battery life after N rounds.

    Let Me be the number of rounds after which the leader election takes place and a message is broadcasted to all the other nodes in the cluster regarding the node which is elected as the leader so that all the nodes may transmit the data to the specific node. The specified node then aggregates the data from all the nodes in its cluster and transmit the data to the central computer.

      It is important to note that the leader election process is an overhead and is incurred only to manage the network traffic. Rapidly electing new heads and consequently broadcasting the message to all other nodes in the network induce an overhead which is to be avoided. On the other hand, it is also important to note that the node which is elected as the cluster head depletes its energy very frequently as it has to perform all the data aggregation processing all be itself for all the nodes in the network. Thus, frequent leader election leads to an evenly consumption of battery power in all the nodes of the cluster. If no election of leader takes place, then the node which handles the task of leader will soon run out of the battery.

     In addition to the depltion of the battery in the normal rounds during the data gathering, the leader will deplete the energy

E = E_broad*n*[(N/k)-1]

in view of broadcasting the message, where n is the number of bits in the broadcasted message, and all the nodes depletes an amount of energy equals to

E = n*E_p

in view of the reception of the message regarding the leader of the cluster.

      Let p be the average number of packets that are transmitted by any node and let the length of each packet be l. For implementation, the case study of Zigbee radio sensors is considered in which the underlying operating system is tiny OS having packet size of l=114 bytes.

The important points to analyze in the scenario is:

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